ASTM A182 standard specification is for forged and rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, fittings, valves and parts for high temperature service. Common grades of alloy steel is Grade F5, F9, F11, F22, stainless steel F304/L and F316/L.

ASTM A182标准规范适用于高温环境下锻造和轧制合金和不锈钢管法兰、配件、阀门和零件。合金钢的常见牌号是F5、F9、F11、F22级，不锈钢F304/L和F316/L。

Scope范围

The standard applies to forged low alloy steel and stainless steel pipe parts for use in pressure systems. These include flanges, fittings, valves and similar parts that meet specified size or size standards. And it includes several grades of low carbon alloy steel and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. So it should be selected according to the design and use requirements.

When additional tests or inspections are required, supplementary requirements are provided for use. When the purchaser has specified them individually in the order, and it can be used.

本标准适用于压力系统中使用的锻造低合金钢和不锈钢管件。这些包括法兰、配件、阀门和符合指定尺寸或尺寸标准的类似零件。它包括几种等级的低碳合金钢和铁素体、马氏体、奥氏体和铁素-奥氏体不锈钢。因此，应根据设计和使用要求进行选择。

当需要进行额外的测试或检查时，会提供补充要求以供使用。当购买者在订单中单独指定了它们时，就可以使用了。

Common Grades​常见等级

Alloy grade: ASTM A182 F5, F9, F91, F92, F11, F12, F21, F22
Stainless steel grade: ASTM A182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L

Alloy Flange: ASTM A182 F11, F22

ASTM F11, F22 is the most use alloy steel grade in ASTM A182. 

合金等级：ASTM A182 F5、F9、F91、F92、F11、F12、F21、F22

不锈钢等级：ASTM A182 F304、F304L、F316、F316L

合金法兰：ASTM A182 F11、F22

ASTM F11、F22是ASTM A182中使用最多的合金钢等级

Stainless Steel Flange: ASTM A182 F316不锈钢法兰：ASTM A182 F316

ASTM A182 F316 is most used for stainless steel flange, includes weld neck flange, slip on flange, blind flange, socket weld flange and etc.

Either alloy steel or stainless steel flange dimensions available for the OD up to 48 inch, class pressure from 150# to 2500#.

ASTM A182 F316最常用于不锈钢法兰，包括焊颈法兰、滑套法兰、盲板法兰、承插焊法兰等。

合金钢或不锈钢法兰尺寸可用于外径高达48英寸，压力等级为150#至2500#。

Units单位

This specification is expressed in inch-pounds and SI units.本规范以英寸-磅和国际单位制表示。

Manufacture Types制造类型

For Low Alloy Ferritic Steels低合金铁素体钢

Low alloy ferritic steels should be smelted in one of the following methods:低合金铁素体钢应采用以下方法之一冶炼：
a. Open hearth furnacesa.平炉
b. Electric furnacesb.电炉
c. Basis -oxygen process (with the option of separate degassing and refining processes).c.基础-氧气工艺（可选择单独的脱气和精炼工艺）。

For Stainless Steel适用于不锈钢

Stainless steel should be smelted in one of the following ways:不锈钢应通过以下方式之一冶炼：
a. Electric furnace (with separate deoxidation and refining (optional))a.电炉（带单独脱氧和精炼（可选））
b. Vacuum furnaceb.真空炉
c. One of the above, followed by vacuum or electroslag self-consumption remelting.c.上述之一，然后进行真空或电渣自耗重熔。
The discard should be removed sufficiently, so as to ensure the elimination of harmful shrinkage and excessive segregation.应充分清除废料，以确保消除有害的收缩和过度离析。

Chemical Composition化学成分

Chemical heat analysis shall be performed and consistent with the chemical composition requirements of Table 1.

Grades that add lead, selenium or other elements to make the material easier machined, it should not be used.

It is not permissible to add any element that exceeds the corresponding material grade listed in Table 2 for the raw materials produced in accordance with a certain standard.

Except for nitrogen in stainless steel, the ordered grade shall not contain unspecified elements to the extent that the content meets the requirements of another grade, which have the specified element with the minimum required content.

应进行化学热分析，并符合表1的化学成分要求。

不应使用添加铅、硒或其他元素以使材料更容易加工的等级。

对于按照特定标准草莓视频在线观看视频的原材料，不允许添加任何超过表2中列出的相应材料等级的元素。

除不锈钢中的氮外，订购等级不得含有未指定的元素，只要其含量符合另一等级的要求，该等级具有最低要求含量的指定元素。

C: The present grade F 5a (0.25 max carbon) previous to 1995 eas assigned the identification symbol F 5. Identification symbol F 5 in 1955 was assigned to the 0.15 max carbon grade to be consistent with ASTM soecification for other products such as pipe, tubing, bolting, welding fittings, and the like.C： 1995年之前的当前等级F5a（最大碳含量0.25）被指定为识别符号F5。1955年，标识符号F5被指定为0.15的最大碳等级，以符合ASTM对其他草莓视频下载色（如管道、管材、螺栓连接、焊接配件等）的规范。

D: Applies to both heat and product analysises.D： 适用于热量和草莓视频下载色分析。

I: Grade F 321 shall have a titanium content of not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.70%.I： F321级的钛含量不得低于碳含量的五倍，也不得超过0.70%。

Mechanical Properties机械性能

For the grade ordered as listed in Table 2, the mechanical properties of the material shall comply with the requirements.对于表2中列出的等级，材料的机械性能应符合要求。

Table 2:

C: For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 70 ksi [485 MPa].

D: For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 65 ksi [450 MPa].

C： 对于厚度超过5英寸[130毫米]的部分，最小抗拉强度应为70千磅/平方英寸[485兆帕]。

D： 对于厚度超过5英寸[130毫米]的部分，最小抗拉强度应为65千磅/平方英寸[450兆帕]。

Tension Test拉伸测试

For low alloy steel, ferritic and martensitic stainless steel, one tension test shall be performed for each heat in each heat treatment charge.

When the heat treating cycle are the same and the furnace is controlled within ±25°F[±14℃]. And it is equipped with a recording pyrometer, so as to obtain a complete heat treatment record. However, only one tensile test is performed for each heat of each forging type and section size, rather than the per heating in each heat treatment charge.

对于低合金钢、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢，应在每次热处理装料中对每炉进行一次拉伸试验。

当热处理周期相同，炉子控制在±25°F[±14℃]以内时。并配有记录高温计，以获得完整的热处理记录。然而，每种锻造类型和截面尺寸的每炉只进行一次拉伸试验，而不是每炉热处理装料中的每炉。

Retreatment

If the results of the mechanical properties test do not meet the specified requirements,  and the forgings may be performed heat treatment again. Meanwhile the mechanical properties test should comply with requirement.

如果机械性能测试的结果不符合规定的要求，锻件可以再次进行热处理。同时，机械性能测试应符合要求。

Nondestructive Test Requirements无损检测要求

For hollow forgings of grades F91, F92, F122 and F911, greater than or equal to NPS 4 (DIN 100). The inner surface of which cannot be inspected by magnetic particle or liquid penetration, the ultrasonic inspection shall be carried out in accordance with A388 / A388M.

If the inner surface is accessible, it shall be examined by the magnetic particle in accordance with regulation A275/A275M, or by the penetration test according to test method E165.

适用于大于或等于NPS 4（DIN 100）的F91、F92、F122和F911级空心锻件。其内表面不能通过磁粉或液体渗透进行检查，应按照A388/A388M进行超声波检查。

如果内表面是可接近的，则应按照A275/A275M的规定用磁粉进行检查，或按照试验方法E165进行渗透试验。

Main point of Manufacture制造要点

The material should be forged as close to the actual specified shape and size as possible.
Elbows, U-bends, tees, connecting tees and any type of flange should not be processed directly from bars.

Cylindrical shaped parts can be machined using forged or rolled solution annealed austenitic stainless steel without the need for additional thermal processing.

Cylindrical shaped low-alloy, martensite, ferrite and ferrite-austenitic stainless steel parts that less than or equal to NPS-4 [DN 100], may be machined using forged or rolled bars without additional hot processing.

材料应尽可能接近实际指定的形状和尺寸。

弯头、U形弯头、三通、连接三通和任何类型的法兰都不应直接从钢筋上加工。

圆柱形零件可以使用锻造或轧制的固溶退火奥氏体不锈钢进行加工，而不需要额外的热处理。

小于或等于NPS-4[DN 100]的圆柱形低合金、马氏体、铁素体和铁素体奥氏体不锈钢零件可以使用锻造或轧制棒材进行加工，而无需额外的热处理。

Heat Treatment热处理

Heat Treatment for Forgings锻件的热处理

After hot working, and the forgings shall be cooled to a temperature less than 1000 °F [538 ℃] before heat treatment as specified in Heat treatment Table 3.

热加工后，锻件应冷却至1000°F[538℃]以下，然后按照热处理表3的规定进行热处理。

Table 3:

A: Minimum unless temperature range is listed
B: Not applicable
E: Forged or rolled bar meeting the requirements of 7.5 shall be liquid quenched or rapid-cooled by other means in accordance with Specification A484/ A484M

A： 除非列出温度范围，否则为最低值

B： 不适用

E： 符合7.5要求的锻造或轧制钢筋应按照规范A484/A484M进行液淬或通过其他方式快速冷却

Low-alloy steels, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels低合金钢、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢

Low-alloy steels, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels shall be heat-treated in accordance with table 3. When more than one heat treatment is listed (optional) for a grade in table 3, any one of these is acceptable. The choice of heat treatment should be determined by the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the order.低合金钢、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢应按照表3进行热处理。当表3中列出了一个等级的多种热处理（可选）时，其中任何一种都是可以接受的。除非订单中另有规定，否则热处理的选择应由制造商决定。

Liquid Quenching液体淬火

Except for F1, F2 and F3 in 3.2.2, if the temperature of each grade in Table 3 is used with the consent of purchaser. So the liquid should be allowed to quench, then tempered.

除3.2.2中的F1、F2和F3外，如果在买方同意的情况下使用表3中每个等级的温度。因此，应该让液体淬火，然后回火。
Marking标记
Parts that are liquid quenched and tempered, and shall be marked with the letter ''QT''.

经过液体淬火和回火处理的零件，应标有字母“QT”。

Grades F1, F2 and F12

In addition, grades F1, F2 and F12, Class 1 and 2 can be done a heat treatment with a minimum temperature of 1200°F, (650℃) after final cold or hot forming.

此外，F1、F2和F12级1级和2级可以在最终冷成型或热成型后进行最低温度为1200°F（650℃）的热处理。

Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels奥氏体和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢

Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heat treated and liquid quenched in accordance with Table 3.

奥氏体和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢应按照表3进行热处理和液淬。

Time for Heat Treatment热处理时间

Heat treatment of forgings can be carried out before machining.

锻件的热处理可以在机加工前进行。

Forged or Rolled Bar锻造或轧制棒材

Forged or rolled austenitic stainless steel rods for cylindrical shaped parts as specified in mechanical properties requirement. And the parts machined from bar without heat treatment after processing. It shall comply with annealing and quenching or rapid cooling requirements of A484 / A484M or this specification, and also allows for subsequent light cold drawing and straightening.

机械性能要求中规定的圆柱形零件用锻造或轧制奥氏体不锈钢棒。以及由棒材加工而成的零件，加工后未经热处理。应符合A484/A484M或本规范的退火和淬火或快速冷却要求，并允许随后进行轻度冷拔和矫直。

Surface Finish, Appearance and Corrosion Protection表面光洁度、外观和防腐

Forgings and finished parts shall be free of scale and machined burrs that may interfere with installation, and other harmful defects as referred to in this standard. They shall have good processing quality, and the roughness of machined surfaces (except for special requirements) shall not exceed 250AA (arithmetic mean).

锻件和成品零件应无可能干扰安装的氧化皮和机加工毛刺，以及本标准中提到的其他有害缺陷。应具有良好的加工质量，加工表面的粗糙度（特殊要求除外）不得超过250AA（算术平均值）。

Welding Repair Requirements焊接修复要求

ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges are components made from stainless steel alloy containing chromium and nickel. These components are usually circular in shape with an opening in the center, which is also known as a bore. The edges of this disc-shaped component have raised surfaces that mate with other similar components or pipes to create a secure connection between two pipes or other pieces of equipment. ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges are essential components that are used in a wide range of applications. From the automotive industry to construction, these flanges can be found in many places due to their durability and strength.

ASTM A182 F304不锈钢法兰是由含铬和镍的不锈钢合金制成的部件。这些部件通常是圆形的，中心有一个开口，也称为孔。这个盘形部件的边缘有凸起的表面，与其他类似的部件或管道配合，在两根管道或其他设备之间形成牢固的连接。ASTM A182 F304不锈钢法兰是广泛应用的重要部件。从汽车工业到建筑业，由于其耐用性和强度，这些法兰可以在许多地方找到。

Applications of ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges ASTM A182 F304不锈钢法兰的应用

These types of flanges have several applications across various industries. For example, they can be found in the automotive industry, where they provide connections between exhaust systems and catalytic converters. In addition, these flanges can be found in industrial piping systems for transporting liquids such as oil or gas, as well as air conditioning systems and refrigeration units. Other common uses include water treatment plants, chemical plants, food processing facilities, and more.

这些类型的法兰在各个行业都有多种应用。例如，它们可以在汽车行业中找到，在那里它们提供排气系统和催化转化器之间的连接。此外，这些法兰可用于输送石油或天然气等液体的工业管道系统，以及空调系统和制冷机组。其他常见用途包括水处理厂、化工厂、食品加工设施等。

Benefits of ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges ASTM A182 F304不锈钢法兰的优点

The primary benefit of using these types of flanges is their durability and strength compared to other types of metals, such as aluminum or copper. These materials can handle higher temperatures without corroding or becoming brittle like aluminum or copper would do when exposed to extreme temperatures or pressures. In addition to their strength and durability, these materials also resist corrosion better than other materials, making them ideal for environments where there is a high risk of corrosion, such as marine settings or near coastal areas. Also, they have excellent heat transfer properties, which makes them ideal for transferring heat from one component to another while still maintaining their structural integrity over time.

There are several types of Stainless Steel 304 Flanges available, including slip-on welded-neck socket welded threaded reducing, and lap joint varieties, among others. All different types serve different purposes depending on the specific application. ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flange offers a variety of benefits, including superior strength and durability compared to other metals, making it an ideal choice for many industries, Additionally, they have excellent heat transfer properties making them suitable for transferring heat from one component to another while still maintaining their structural integrity over time.

与铝或铜等其他类型的金属相比，使用这些类型的法兰的主要好处是它们的耐用性和强度。这些材料可以承受更高的温度，而不会像铝或铜在暴露于极端温度或压力时那样腐蚀或变脆。除了强度和耐用性外，这些材料还比其他材料更耐腐蚀，使其成为海洋环境或沿海地区等高腐蚀风险环境的理想选择。此外，它们具有优异的传热性能，这使它们成为将热量从一个组件传递到另一个组件的理想选择，同时随着时间的推移仍能保持其结构完整性。

有几种类型的304不锈钢法兰可供选择，包括滑动焊接颈承插焊接螺纹异径管和搭接接头等。根据具体的应用，所有不同的类型都有不同的用途。ASTM A182 F304不锈钢法兰具有多种优点，包括与其他金属相比具有优异的强度和耐用性，使其成为许多行业的理想选择。此外，它们具有优异的传热性能，使其适用于将热量从一个部件传递到另一个部件，同时随着时间的推移仍能保持其结构完整性。