FACTORY-MADE WROUGHT BUTTWELDING FITTINGS

工厂制造的锻扎制对焊管配件

1. SCOPE
   1. General

This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings for

factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1∕2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN

1200). 本标准包括 NPS 1/2 至 NPS 48（DN15-1200）的锻轧制工厂制造的对焊管件的总体尺寸、公差、压力额定值、试验及标记。

1. 2. Special Fittings

Fittings may be made to special dimensions, sizes, shapes, and tolerances by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 按制造厂和采购方双方协议，可制造特殊尺寸、口径、形状和公差的管件。

1. 3. Fabricated Fittings

Fabricated laterals and other fittings employing circumferential or intersection welds are considered pipe fabrication and are not within the scope of this Standard. 采用环焊缝或交叉焊缝的制备的分支管件及其他管件均属于管制品，不属于本标准的范围。

Fabricated lap joint stub ends are exempt from the above restrictions, provided they meet all the requirements of the applicable ASTM material specification listed in section 5. 制备的翻边为以上限制的例外，如果这类管件满足第 5 节中 ASTM 材料规定的所有其他规定时。

ð18Þ 1.4 Relevant Units

This Standard states values in both SI (Metric) and U.S. Customary units. These systems of units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, the U.S. Customary units are shown in parentheses. 这个标准用 SI(米制)和美国习惯单位制。这些单位制应单独表述在标准。在文本和表格中，括号中显示了美国常用的单位。

The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, it is required that each system of units be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems constitutes nonconformance with the Standard. 每个单位制中所述的值并不完全相等;因此，每个单位制必须独立使用。将来自两个单位制组合在一起构成不符合标准。

The designation for size is NPS for both Metric- and Customary-dimensioned fittings. Fitting pressure rating is associated with the connecting wall thickness of pipe of equivalent size and

material. 对于米制和美国惯用单位的管件，口径的标志是 NPS。管件压力的额定值与相同尺寸

和材料的管道的连接壁厚有关。

1.5 References

ð18Þ 1.5.1 Referenced Standards. Standards and specifications adopted by reference in this Standard are shown in Mandatory Appendix I. It is not considered practical to identify the specific edition of each standard and specification in the individual references. Instead, the specific edition reference is identified in Mandatory Appendix I. A product made in conformance with a prior edition of referenced standards and in all other respects conforming to this Standard will be considered to be in conformance. 引用标准——本标准中引用的标准和技术条件如附录 I 所示。辨认在单独引用时每项标准和技术条件的特定版次被认为是不切实际的。作为替代办法，在附录

I         中列出了特定版次。按符合于引用到的标准的较早版次制造的草莓视频下载色，只要在所有其他方面都符

合于本标准，将被认为是符合于本标准。

1.5.2 Codes and Regulations. A fitting used under the jurisdiction of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, or a governmental regulation is

subject to any limitation of that code or regulation. This includes any maximum temperature limitation or rule governing the use of a material at low temperature. 法规和条例。在 ASME 锅炉和压力容器规范(BPVC)、ASME     压力管道规范或政府法规管辖下使用的配件受该规范或法规的限制。这包括任何最高温度极限，或控制材料在低温下使用的规则。

1. 6. Service Conditions

Criteria for selection of fitting types and materials suitable for particular fluid service are not within the scope of this Standard. 适用于特定流体应用场合的管件类型和材料的选择标准不属于本标准的范围。

1. 7. Welding

Installation welding requirements are outside the scope of this Standard. 安装焊接要求超出了本标准的范围。

1. 8. Quality Systems

Nonmandatory requirements relating to the fitting manufacturer’s Quality System Program are described in Nonmandatory Appendix A. 管件制造商的质量体系程序相关的非强制性要求见非强制性附录 A。

1. 9. Convention

For determining conformance with this Standard, the convention for fixing significant digits where limits (maximum and minimum values) are specified shall be as defined in ASTM E29. This requires that an observed or calculated value be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last

right-hand digit used for expressing the limit. Decimal values and tolerances do not imply a particular method of measurement. 为了确定与本标准的一致性，习惯上，在要求限定值（最大或最小值）时，确定有效数位的惯例应是按 ASTM E29 的规定进行圆整。这样就要求在表示限定值时，应对测量值或计算值的最右侧紧靠有效位的数进行圆整。小数值和公差不意味着特殊的  测定方法。

1. 10. Pressure Rating Designation

Class followed by a dimensionless number is the designation for pressure–temperature ratings. Standardized designations for flanges per ASME B16.5 referenced in this Standard are Classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500. （Class）后接一个无量纲数的磅级，是压力-温度额定值的标识。在本标准中，依据本标准引用的 ASME B16.5 法兰其标准化标识是 150，300，600，900，

1500，和 2500 磅级。

2. PRESSURE RATINGS

2.1 Basis of Ratings

The allowable pressure ratings for fittings designed in accordance with this Standard may be calculated as for straight seamless pipe of equivalent material (as shown by comparison of composition and mechanical properties in the respective material specifications) in accordance with the rules established in the applicable sections of ASME B31, Code for Pressure Piping. For the calculation, applicable data for the pipe size, wallthickness, and material that are equivalent to that of the fitting shall be used. Pipe size, wall thickness (or schedule number), and material identity on the fittings are in lieu of pressure rating markings. 按本标准设计的管件的许用压力额定值应根据 ASME B31，《压力管道规范》适用卷所确定的规则，可按相同材料（按相应材料技术条件的化学成分及力学性能比较）的无缝直管的计算。为了这一计算，应使用与管件相当的  管子规格、壁厚及材料的适用数据。管件上的尺寸，壁厚（或壁厚序列号）及材料识别可代替压  力额定值标记

ð18Þ 2.2 Design of Fittings

0. 1. 1. Acceptable Design Methods. The design of fittings shall be established by one of the following methods: 可接受的设计方法。管件的设计应采用下列方法之一:
1. mathematical analyses contained in nationally recognized pressure vessel or piping codes (e.g., ASME B31.3 para. 304.2 for elbows and para. 304.3 for tees). 国家认可的压力容器或管道规范中包含的数学分析。(如 ASME B31.3 304.2 节用于弯头计算，304.3 节用于三通计算)。
2. proof testing in accordance with section 9 of this Standard. 根据本标准第 9 条进行验证性试验。
3. experimental stress analysis, such as described in ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2, Annex

5.F with validation of results. Hydrostatic testing can be used to validate experimental results. 实验性应力分析，如 ASME BPVC，第 8 节，第 2 部分，附件 5 所述。F 与验证结果。水压试验可用于验证实验结果。

4. detailed stress analysis (e.g.,finite elementmethod) with results evalsuated as described in ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 2, Part 5 with validation of results. Strain measurement, photoelastic testing, or hydrostatic testing can be used to validate calculated results. 详细的应力分析(如有限单元法)，评估结果如 ASME BPVC 第 8 节第 2 部分第 5 部分所述，并对结果进行验证。应变测量、弹性测试或水压试验可用于验证计算结果。
   1. 2. Design Thickness. To meet design or manufacturing requirements, it is expected that some portion of formed fittings may have to be thicker than the pipe wall with which the fitting is intended to be used. The mathematical analyses, if used, may take into account such thicker

sections.      设计厚度。为了满足设计或制造的要求，可以预料，成型管件某些部分的壁厚可能需要比准备使用该管件的管道壁厚要厚。如有需要，数学分析可以考虑这些较厚的部分。

2. 1. 3. Records. Copies of English-language records of the mathematical analysis, the successful proof test, or both shall be made available to the purchaser or regulatory authority upon request. 记录。应买方或监管机构要求，提供数学分析、成功验证测试或两者的英文记录副本。
3. SIZE

NPS, followed by a dimensionless number, is the designation for nominal fitting size. NPS is related to the reference nominal diameter, DN, used in international standards. The relationship is, typically, as follows: NPS 后面跟着一个无量纲数，是标称拟合尺寸的名称。NPS 与国际标准中使用的参考公称直径 DN 有关。这种关系通常如下:

DN                  NPS

15                                ₁∕₂

20                                ₃∕₄

25                                1

32                                1₁∕₄

40                                1₁∕₂

50                                2

65                                2₁∕₂

80                                3

100                             4

NOTE: For NPS > 4, the equivalence is DN = 25 × NPS. 注:对于NPS > 4， DN = 25×NPS。

4. MARKING
   1. Standard Marking

Each fitting shall be permanently marked to show the following: 每件管件都应永久标记，以显示

以下内容:

1. manufacturer’s name or trademark 制造商名称或商标
2. material identification, either the ASTM or ASME grade designation 材料标识，ASTM 或 ASME

等级标识

3. schedule number1 or nominal wall thickness in mm 管表号或公称壁厚(毫米)
4. size — the nominal pipe size (NPS) identification number related to the end connections shall be used 规格—应使用与端部连接的管道公称通径(NPS)标识号
5. compliance— see para. 4.4 for standard and special fitting marking 符合性—见 4.4 节，标准

和特殊管件标志；

A manufacturer may supplement these mandatory markings with others, including a DN size designation, but confusion with the required marking shall be avoided. 草莓视频在线观看视频厂家可以提供其他的要求标志，包括 DN 规格标示，但是要避免标示的混淆。

1. 2. Exceptions

Where the size of the fitting does not permit complete marking, the identification marks may be omitted in reverse of the order presented in para. 4.1. 当管件的尺寸不允许进行全部标志时，可逆上述顺序省略识别标志（按 4.1 节）。

1. 3. Depth of Stamping

Where steel stamps are used, care shall be taken so that the marking is not deep enough or sharp enough to cause cracks or to reduce the wall thickness of the fitting below the minimum allowed. 使用钢印时，应注意标记的深度和锋利程度，以免造成裂纹或使管件的壁厚低于允许的最小值

0. 4. Compliance
      1. Standard Fittings. That the fitting was manufactured in conformance with this Standard, including all dimensional requirements, is certified by a prefix “WP” in the material grade designation marking. 标准管件。该管件的制造符合本标准，包括所有尺寸要求，在材料等级标识中的前缀“WP”标记。
      2. Special Fittings. That the fitting was manufactured in conformance with this Standard, except that dimensional requirements are as agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer, is certified by a supplementary suffix to the material grade designation marking as follows:  特殊管件。管件的制造符合本标准，但尺寸要求由买方和制造商共同商定的除外，由以下材料等级标   识的附加后缀认证:
1. “S58” of ASTM A960 applies for fittings in accordance with ASTM A234, ASTM A403, and ASTM A420. “S58”适用于符合 ASTM A960 的 ASTM A234、ASTM A403 和 ASTM A420 的管件。
2. “S8” applies for fittings in accordance with ASTM A815. “S8”适用于符合 ASTM A815 的管件。
3. “SPLD” applies for fittings in accordance with ASTM B361, ASTM B363, and ASTM B366.

“SPLD”适用于符合 ASTM B361、ASTM B363 和 ASTM B366 的管件。

ð18Þ 5 MATERIAL

Wrought fittings covered by this Standard shall be in accordance with ASTM A234, ASTM A403, ASTM A420, ASTM A815, ASTM B361, ASTM B363, ASTM B366, or the corresponding

specification listed in ASME BPVC,Section II. The term “wrought” denotes fittings made of pipe, tubing, plate, or forgings. For purposes of determining proof testing requirements of section 9, the materials are grouped by similar properties as shown in Table 5-1. 本标准所涵盖的锻件应符合 ASTM A234、ASTM A403、ASTM A420、ASTM A815、ASTM B361、ASTM B363、ASTM B366

或 ASME BPVC 第二节中列出的相应规范。“锻造”一词是指由管、管、板或锻件制成的管件。

为了确定第 9 节的验证测试要求，材料按类似的属性分组，如表 5-1 所示

Fittings made from block forgings may only be supplied subject to agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. Such fittings need not meet the requirements of section 7. 由块状锻件制成的管件只能在制造商和买方同意的情况下提供。这些管件不需要符合第 7 条的要求。

6. FITTING DIMENSIONS
   1. General

This Standard provides for a fixed position for the welding ends with reference to either the centerline of the fittings or the overall dimensions. Dimensional requirements for these fittings are in Tables 6.1-1 through 6.1-11. 本标准规定了焊接端相对于连接件中心线或整体尺寸的固定位置。这些配件的尺寸要求见表 6.1-1 至 6.1-11。

1. 2. Special Dimensions
      1. Fatigue Loading. For applications where fatigue loading is a concern, required minimum dimensions shall be furnished by the purchaser. 疲劳载荷。对于涉及疲劳载荷的应用，买方应提供所需的最小尺寸。
      2. Bore Diameter. Bore diameters away from the ends are not specified. If special flow path requirements are needed, the bore dimensions shall be specified by the purchaser. 内径。没有指定远离端部的内径。如果需要特殊的流道要求，孔的尺寸应由买方指定。
      3. Stub Ends. Service conditions and joint construction often dictate stub end length requirements. Therefore, the purchaser must specify long or short pattern fitting when ordering. [See General Note (b) in Table 6.1-9.] 短管端——使用工况和连接结构常常规定短管端的长度要求。因此，购买方必须在定货时规定长或短型管件[见表 6.1-9 的一般说明(b)]

ð18Þ 6.2.4 Segmental Elbows. Factory-made segments of short radius, long radius, and 3D radius elbows may be made to meet customer angle requirements. With the exception of the B dimension, factory-made segments of elbows shall meet all other requirements of this Standard. The B dimension for segmented elbows can be calculated as follows: 分段弯头. 工厂草莓视频在线观看视频的短半径、长半径和三维半径弯头可以满足客户的角度要求。除 B 尺寸外，工厂制造的弯头段应满足本标准的所有其他要求。分段弯头的 B 尺寸可计算如下:

For segments of 90-deg elbows 对 90 度弧形弯头

B s = A× tan( /2)

where 式中

A = dimension A for appropriate 90-deg elbow being segmented from 特殊 90 度弧形的尺寸按照相当于 90 度弧形的弯头尺寸，根据下表切割

1. Table 6.1-1 for long radius elbow, mm (in.)  表 6.1-1 长半径弯头，mm(英寸)
2. Table 6.1-4 for short radius elbow,mm(in.) 表 6.1-4 短半径弯头，mm(英寸)
3. Table 6.1-6 for 3D radius elbow, mm (in.)  表 6.1-6 为 3D 半径弯头，mm (in)

B_s = center-to-end dimension for segmented elbow 弧形弯头中心至端部尺寸

θ = angle of segmented elbow — 30 deg, 60 deg, 75 deg, etc. 弧形弯头角度—30 度、60 度、75 度，等

When special elbows are intended for field segmenting, the outsideor inside diameter tolerance shall be furnished throughout the fitting by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Any mismatch on the outside or inside diameter needs to be corrected in the field by grinding, back-welding, or bridging of weld to meet the applicable piping code requirements.

Although the elbow intended for field segmenting must meet the requirements of this Standard, once the field-segmented elbow is cut, it is not a B16.9 product. 当特殊弯头被安排在现场切割时， 应该根据制造商和买方之间合同提供外径和内径公差。外径和内径的失配，必须通过现场磨削、

补焊或桥焊来达到适用的管道规范的要求。既使弯头是被安排在现场切割时，也必须符合本标准  的要求。一旦现场切割的弯头被切下，它就不再是 B16.9 草莓视频下载色了

7. SURFACE CONTOURS

Where adjacent openings in fittings are not in parallel planes, they shall be joined by a circular arc or radius on the external surfaces. The arc or radius may be terminated in tangents. Except as provided for block forgings (see section 5), the projected profile of external surfaces of fittings shall not have sharp intersections (corners) and/or collapsed arcs.  当管件上相邻的开孔不在平行平面上时，它们应由外表面上的一段圆弧或圆角相连接。圆弧或圆角可能终止于相切处。除由  锻坯（见第 5 节）提供的之外，管件外表面的投影轮廓应没有尖利的角和/或倒塌弧度。

8. END PREPARATION

Unless otherwise specified, the details of the welding end preparation shall be in accordance with Table 8-1. Transitions from the welding bevel to the outside surface of the fitting and from the root face to the inside surface of the fitting lying within the maximum envelope shown in Figure

8-1 are at the manufacturer’s option, except as covered in Note (5) of Figure 8-1 or unless otherwise specifically ordered. 除非另有规定，焊接端准备详见表 8-1。除非如图 8-1 的注释(5) 所述或另有特别规定，在如图 8-1 所示的最大包络线的范围内，由焊接坡口到管件的外表面以及由根部钝边到管件的内表面的过渡由制造厂自定。

9. DESIGN   PROOF   TEST   ð18Þ
   1. Required Tests

Proof tests shall be made as set forth in this Standard when the manufacturer chooses proof testing to qualify the fitting design. The pressure design thickness for critical areas of each type of fitting shall be determined and recorded. The design thickness for other sizes or wall thicknesses covered in para. 9.4 shall require a similar percentage of reinforcement proportional by size or thickness. Critical areas are normally the inner radius of elbows, the crotch of tees and crosses, the knuckle radius of caps, and the large ends of reducers. Proof test shall be based on the computed burst pressure of the fitting and its connecting piping as defined in para. 9.3. 当制造厂选择验证试验方法来对管件的设计进行鉴定时，应按本标准的规定进行验证试验。确定并记录每  种类型管件的关键区域的压力设计厚度。第 9.4 节中其它尺寸或壁厚的设计厚度需要根据尺寸和壁厚增加相同比例的补强。关键区域通常是弯头的内弧、三通和四通的肩部、管帽的圆弧部位和  异径管的大端。验证试验应基于 9.3 节定义的通过计算获得的管件及其连接管子的爆裂压力。

0. 2. Test Assembly
      1. Representative Components. Each fitting type shall be tested, except that testing of certain types of fittings can qualify other fittings as described in Table 9.2.1-1. Fittings from the same material group that have the same basic design configuration and method of manufacture shall be selected from production for testing and shall be identified as to material, grade, and lot, including heat treatment.代表样品. 每种管件类型都应进行测试，按表 9.2.1-1 所述，某些类型的管件可以覆盖表中的管件，免除测试。应从草莓视频在线观看视频中选择具有相同基本设计配置和制造方法的相同  材料组的管件进行检测，应确定材料、等级和批次，包括热处理。
1. Examples of different basic configurations include the following: 不同基本配置的例子包括如

下:

1. elbows of different centerline radius (short versus long versus 3D radius) 不同弯曲半径的弯头(短、长、3D 半径)
2. tees or crosses formed in full encircling dies versus cold or hot extrusion using a pad die 三通或四通成型时采用全包围模具或用垫板局部冷、热挤压。

3. concentric versus eccentric shaped reducers 同心或偏心异径管
4. caps of different configurations 不同类型的管帽

2. Examples of different methods of manufacture include the following 不同的制造方法的例子包括以下:
   1. mandrel-formed elbows versus elbows welded from two half-shells versus bent pipe 推制成型的弯头或采用哈弗式分片压制焊接的弯头
   2. cold-formed tees or crosses versus extruded tees versus machined from solid forgings 冷成型的三通、四通，挤压成型的三通或由锻件加工的三通
   3. conical reducers versus bell-shaped (integral tangents) reducers 锥形异径管或钟形异径管（相切）
   4. caps formed by extruding through a draw ring versus ends cut off cold-formed tees versus machined from solids 通过挤压拉伸成型的管帽、切掉冷挤三通顶部得到的管帽或锻件机械加工的管帽
   5. hot forming versus cold forming or using differential heating 热成型，冷成型或采用局部加热

成型

1. 1. 2. Other Components. Straight seamless or welded pipe whose calculated bursting strength is at least as great as the proof test pressure as calculated in para. 9.3 shall be welded to each end of the fitting to be tested. Pipe sections may have the nominal wall greater than the thickness indicated by the fitting markings. That greater thickness shall notexceed 1.5times the fittingmarkings wall. Any internal misalignment greater than 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) shall be reduced by taper boring at a slope not greater than 1:3. Any other unequal wall welding preparation shall be in accordance with ASME B16.25. Length of pipe sections for closures shall be as follows:

1. 1. 2. 其他样品。无缝或焊接直管，其计算破裂强度至少与 9.3 节计算的试验压力相同，钢管要焊接到待测管件的两端。钢管的公称壁厚度可能大于管件标记所指示的厚度，钢管的最大厚度不  得超过管件标记壁厚的 1.5 倍。任何大于 1.5 毫米(0.06 英寸)的内部错边应通过锥度镗孔（不大于 1:3 的坡度）来减少。其他不同壁厚的焊接坡口按照 ASME B16.25 执行，用于封堵的钢管长度计算如下：
         1. Minimum length of pipe shall be one pipe O.D. for NPS 14 (DN 350) and smaller. NPS14 (DN

350)及以下口径，钢管最小长度=钢管外径。

1. 2. 1. 2. Minimum length of pipe shall be one-half pipe O.D. for NPS greater than 14 (DN 350). NPS14 (DN 350)以上口径，钢管最小长度=0.5*钢管外径。
   3. Test Procedure

To qualify a fitting by proof testing, the fitting shall be tested as described herein and shall withstand the minimum calculated pressure for at least 180 s (3 min). 为了通过验证性试验测试使管件合格，管件应该按照本文所述进行测试，并且应该承受至少 180 秒(3 分钟)的最小计算压力。

1. 1. 1. Number ofTests.At least three specimen tests for each fitting, joint size, or configuration are recommended. The test factor, f, is based on the number of specimen tests performed. The test factor, f, described in Table 9.3.1-1, is used in the computed proof test pressure equation. 检测数量。建议对每类管件至少三次试样试验，推荐按照接头尺寸或结构选择。测试因子 f 是基于所进行的样本测试的数量。试验系数 f 如表 9.3.1-1 所示，用于计算证明试验压力方程。

NOTE: Tests of geometrically identical fittings of different sizes and wall thicknesses that have overlapping ranges as described in para. 9.4 may be combined to establish the test factor applied to a set of fittings. For example, testing an NPS 2, NPS 8, and NPS 24 of the same basic design configuration and method of

manufacture would qualify for a test factor of 1.0 and would qualify fittings of that type from NPS 1 to NPS

48 and thickness ranges in accordance with para. 9.4.2. 注:不同尺寸和壁厚的几何形状相同的管件的试验， 其重叠范围如段 9.4 所述。可以结合段 9.4 以确定适用于一套管件的测试系数。例如，测试具有相同的基本设计配置和制造方法口径为 nps2、nps8 和 nps24 的管件，可以获得 1.0 的测试因子，可以根据第 9.4.2 节确定壁厚覆盖范围，口径覆盖范围从NPS 1 到 NPS 48

1. 1. 2. Computed Test Pressure. The minimum proof test pressure shall be at least equal to the value computed by the following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.2MPa (25 psi): 试验压力计算。最小试验压力应至少等于下列公式计算的值，并四舍五入到最接近的 0.2MPa (25 psi):

P =2Sft/D

where 其中

D = specified outside diameter of pipe 管道的规定外径

f = test factor from Table 9.3.1-1 试验系数见表 9.3.1-1

P = computed minimum proof test pressure for fitting 管件验证性试验的最小计算压力

S = actual tensile strength of the test fitting, determined on a specimen representative of the test fitting, which shall meet the tensile strength requirements of the applicable material of section 5 管件的实际抗拉强度，实际抗拉强度由管件的试验样品上测量得出，实际抗拉强度要满足第  5 部分材料的相关规定。

t = nominal pipe wall thickness of the pipe that the fitting marking identifies 管件标识的管道公

称壁厚

NOTE: Any dimensionally consistent system of units may be used. 注:可采用一致的单位制。

1. 1. 3. Test Media. The test shall be conducted with water. Trapped air in the assembly shall be purged prior to the start of the test.试验介质。应采用水压试验，组合件样品中的空气在试验前应排尽。
      4. Application of Test Pressure. A pump with suitable pressure capacity shall be used to uniformly increase the test pressure through yield. Any gauges attached directly to the assembly may be removed and the pressure again uniformly increased at a suitable rate until either failure or the required test pressure has been achieved and held for 180 s. It is acceptable to increase pressure in the test assembly to accommodate reductions in test pressure caused by yielding in the test assembly.加压要求。加压泵应具有合适的加压能力，使试验压力均匀增加，以达到材料屈服强度。试验组合件上连接的所有仪表应被去除，压力再次均匀地以合适的速度增加，达到爆  破压力（样品失效）。或达到要求的测试压力，并保持 180 秒。当试验组合件由于屈服变形而导致的测试压力下降时，可以增加试验组合件的压力。
      5. Recording Pressure–Time Readings. Test pressure versus time readings shall be recorded

periodically. This may be achieved through electronic means or instrumentation with appropriate resolution and range that has been calibrated prior to the test.压力-时间数值记录。测试压力对时间的读数应定期记录。记录可以通过在测试前已校准的具有适当分辨率和范围的电子手段或仪器  来实现。

1. 1. 6. Test Temperature. The temperature(s) of the test fluid and components of the test assembly may not intentionally be increased or decreased if doing so would significantly affect a mechanical property or response of any component of the test assembly while it is under test.试验温度。如果测试过程中，温度不显著试验组合件的机械性能，则试验介质和试验组合件的温度  不得故意升高或降低。
      7. Test Results. The test may be terminated if any component (e.g., fitting, pipe segment, fabrication weld) of the test assembly loses containment. The test of the fitting shall be

considered unsuccessful if there is any loss of containment from the tested fitting before or during the time it is to be held at or above the computed pressure. A proof test is successful only when the fitting being tested withstands for at least 180 s a continuous proof test pressure of at least the computed minimum (see para. 9.3.2) without exhibiting loss of containment or evidence of cracking, fissuring, tearing, etc. in the fitting under test.试验结果。如果试验组合件的任何组件

(如管件、管段、焊缝)失去密封，则可以终止测试。如果被测试的管件在规定的保压时间前或规

定的保压时间中失去密封，无论保压压力等于计算压力或超过计算压力，都将被认为试验失败。  只有被测管件无泄漏或开裂、开裂、撕裂等迹象。且被测试的连接件承受至少 180 s 的连续验证测试压力，测试压力的最小值按照第 9.3.2 节计算，验证测试才能成功。

1. 4. Applicability of Test Results

It is not necessary to conduct an individual test of fittings with all combinations of sizes, wall thicknesses, and materials. A successful proof test on one representative fitting may qualify others to the extent described in paras. 9.4.1, 9.4.2, and 9.4.3.不需要对规格、壁厚及材料的所有组合情况进行逐一试验。在一个代表性管件得出的合格的验证试验可代表在 9.4.1、9.4.2、和 9.4.3 范围内的其他管件。

1. 1. 1. Size Range. One test fitting may be used to qualify similarly proportioned fittings as defined in para. 9.2.1 with a size range from one-half to twice that for the tested fitting.尺寸范围。一个测试管件可用于符合第 9.2.1 节中定义的类似比例的管件。尺寸范围为测试管件的 0.5 至 2 倍。
      2. Thickness Range. One test fitting may be used to qualify similarly proportioned fittings as defined in para. 9.2.1 with t/D ranges from one-half to three times that for the tested fitting. 壁厚范围。一个测试管件可用于符合第 9.2.1 节中定义的类似比例的管件。t/D 范围为测试管件的 0.5 至 3 倍。
      3. Material Grades. The pressure-retaining capacity of a fitting of the same basic design configuration and method of manufacture made from material in a material group as listed in Table 5-1 will be directly proportional to the tensile properties of the materials. Therefore, it is necessary to test only a representative fitting to prove the design of a fitting for all materials in a

group.材料等级。由表 5-1  所列材料组中的材料制成的相同基本设计配置和制造方法的管件的保压能力与材料的拉伸性能成正比。因此，只需要对一个具有代表性的管件进行测试，就可以证明  一个管件的设计适用于同一组中的所有材料。

1. 5. Maintenance of Results

The manufacturer shall have a quality control (QC) program that verifies the manufacturing process and material used and ensures that the resulting geometry and design thickness of the fittings or joints manufactured reasonably conform to the geometries tested. The QC program shall control the manufacturing drawings and maintain the QC records showing conformance to these drawings. 制造商应具有质量控制程序，以验证所使用的制造工艺和材料，并确保所制造的配件或接头的几何形状和设计厚度合理，可以满足试验形状的要求。QC 程序也应对制造图纸进行控制，同时保留显示满足这些图纸的 QC 记录。

Tests made in accordance with and at the time of previous editions of this Standard are not intended to be nullified by the changes made in this edition’s test procedure and requirements, provided the design criteria for the type tested can be determined.  根据本标准前几版进行的测试不应因本标准测试程序和要求的更改而失效，前提是可以确定测试类型的设计标准。Whenever a significant change is made in the geometry or method of manufacture, the manufacturer shall either retest the new production or show by analysis that the change would not affect the results of prior tests. 当几何形状或制造方法发生重大变化时，制造商应重新测试